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Mediocrity principle
The mediocrity principle is the philosophical notion that "if an item is drawn at random from one of several sets or categories, it's likelier to come from the most numerous category than from any one of the less numerous categories". The principle has been taken to suggest that there is nothing very unusual about the evolution of the Solar System, Earth's history, the evolution of biological complexity, human evolution, or any one nation. It is a heuristic in the vein of the Copernican principle, and is sometimes used as a philosophical statement about the place of humanity. The idea is to assume mediocrity, rather than starting with the assumption that a phenomenon is special, privileged, exceptional, or even superior.〔(Encyclopædia Britannica )〕〔(PZ Myers explains the Mediocrity principle at edge.org )〕
Consistent with the notion, astronomers reported, on 4 November 2013, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy alone, based on ''Kepler'' space mission data. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.〔〔
==Extraterrestrial life==
The mediocrity principle suggests, given the existence of life on Earth, that life typically exists on Earth-like planets throughout the universe.〔Chaisson, Eric, and Steve McMillan. ''Astronomy: A Beginner’s Guide to the Universe ().'' Ed. Nancy Whilton. San Francisco: Pearson, 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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